Mauk, G.W., & Weber, C. (1991, January). Peer survivors of adolescent suicide: Perspectives on grieving and postvention. Journal of Adolescent Research, 6(1), 113-131.

OVERVIEW

This article is essentially a research review which first briefly addresses the scope of adolescent suicide; next, examines the effects of suicide on adolescent survivors; and third, deals at length with recommendations for suicide postvention (for student recovery and readjustment) in the schools.

FINDINGS

• The suicide rate among adolescents has been increasing over the last 25 years, but is difficult to ascertain (7,000 per year is a reasonable estimate, pp.114, 117).
• It is a "particularly toxic form of death for peers left behind".
• Reactions and effects include disbelief, numbness, a sense of emptiness, fear, rage, guilt, relentless depression, feelings of rejection, a sense of release, estrangement from family and friends, self-doubt, recrimination, and self-questioning.
• Some never come to terms with the loss.
• A school community will feel reverberations for at least 2 years following the suicide.
• The most common reason that schools do not have postvention policies is fear of contagion.
• Though there is some evidence for contagion it is best to have a comprehensive postvention policy, because students will discuss the suicide with or without adult guidance (and the former is best).
• Postvention programs must include an immediate crisis response and a long-term follow-up plan (which are both discussed at length).

QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION AND DISCUSSION

1. Why would adolescent suicide be so troubling to many of the survivors?
2. In the aftermath of an adolescent suicide, which individuals would need attention?
3. How could the rationale for school postvention programs be evaluated?
4. What would be some of the components of a responsible postvention program?
5. What place, if any, should the church have in such a process?

IMPLICATIONS

• Good suicide postvention skills are important for those working with youth. They, unfortunately, will probably be needed at some point.
• The scope of the aftermath of a teenage suicide should motivate caring youth leaders to become involved in at least one of their area schools. They could have a valued role in the process if they have already developed good relationships with parents, teachers, and administrators.
• Churches and youth programs have much to learn from this research review. Many aspects of the recommended school postvention process have direct application in these settings as well.

David Buck cCYS