INDIA OVERVIEW

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BASIC STATISTICS

• Total population: 1,029,991,145 (Ranked 2^nd in the world by the US Census Bureau).

National GDP: US $1.689 trillion. GDP per capita: US $1,720. Median Age: 23.6 years of age. Infant Mortality: 58.48 per 1,000 live births.

GEOGRAPHY

• Location: Occupies most of the Indian sub-continent of Asia.

Borders: Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh. Area: 1,269,300 square miles. Capital: New Delhi. Major cities and population: Mumbai (Bombay) 18,066,000, Kolkata (Calcutta) 12,918,00, Delhi 11,695,00, Hyderabad 6,842,000, Chennai (Madras) 6,648,000 and Bangalore 5,561,000. 25 States: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. 7 Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Lakshadweep, and Pondicherry.

DEMOGRAPHY

• Population density: 799 people per square mile.

Children 0-14: 30.3%—69,118,581. Teenage 10-19: 19.4%—44,247,544. Youth between 15-24: 19.6%—44,744,048. Seniors Over 70: 2.5%—5,787,909. Male to female ratio: 99.7 males per 100 females. Birth rate: 24.79 per 1,000 people. Life expectancy at birth: 62.98 for males and 64.86 for females. Infant mortality rate: 58.48 per 1,000 live births. Official Language: Hindi. Associate Official Language: English. 14 official regional languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Sanskrit. Ethnic Groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%. Religious affiliations: 74.5% Hindu (755,135,081), 12.% Muslim (122,570,042), 6.2% Christian (62,341,006), 3.4 % Ethnoreligionist (34,761,177), 2.2% Sikh (22,182,528), 1.3% Nonreligious (12,848,612). Each of the following comprises less than one percent of the total population (listed in descending order of prevalence): Buddhist, Jains, Baha’i, Atheist, Zoroastrian, Chinese folk-religionist, Jew. Education: Theoretically compulsory in 23 states to age 14. Literacy rate: 52%.

ECONOMY

• Currency: Rupee.

GDP per capita: US $1,720. National GDP: US $1.689 trillion. Major Industries: Textiles, steel, processed foods, cemen, machinery, chemicals, mining. Chief crops: Rice, grains, sugar, spices, tea, cashews, cotton, potatoes, jute, oilseed. Electricity production: 446.130 bil kWh. TV sets: 68 per 1,000. Radios: 117 per 1,000. Telephones: 21,593,700 main lines. Daily newspaper circulation: 21 per 1,000.

POLITICS

• Government type: Federal Republic.

Head of state: President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Head of government: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. International organization memberships: United Nations (UN) and the Commonwealth. Historical Background: India’s history is one of the oldest and richest in the world. Archeological evidence suggests its dawn prior to 5,000 BC. Classical Indian civilization is dated to 1500 BC, when the Sanskrit speaking Aryan tribes invaded a merged with the earlier inhabitants. In the 3^rd century BC, Asoka ruled and established Buddhism, though Hinduism later thrived. Increasingly after the 8^th century, Muslim leaders gained control starting from the west and north. From 1526-1857 Mogul emperors ruled, but after 1500 European influence began to dominate, especially Britain under British East India Company. India’s constitution was established in 1935. India’s diversity has been a blessing and a curse. Political factions, religious division, societal caste have caused multiple conflicts. Since its independence three leaders have been assassinated in religious and political controversies. Mohandas Ghandi, an advocate of self-rule and non-violent protest, was killed in 1948. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984 by Sikhs in retaliation for government tactics involving the Sikh’s holiest shrine, the Golden Temple at Amritsar. Her son, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, was subsequently killed in 1991. Inter-religious conflicts throughout various provinces have plagued India. Pakistan and India have been in conflict over Kashmir since 1947 and in the 1990s, tensions have escalated.

TRENDS AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Understanding the trends and social issues of a particular country should always take into consideration the opinions of persons within the country. We are looking for contributors from each country to add to our appreciation and understanding of its culture, potential, trends, and critical issues. If you have insight as to what is important to Indians, then please feel free to contact us.

We look forward to hearing the insights on what insiders consider the most important issues facing them. From an outsider’s perspective current issues would include the following: the rebuilding after the recent earthquake in 2000 and the Gujarat and Orissa cyclones, the conflict with Pakistan, the recovery of Ancient Indian history, the AIDS crisis (3.5 million adults in India are said to be infected), and the question of peaceful religious diversity. What are the most important issues for Indians today? This will be added as we receive this information.

SOURCES

TEXT

Barrett, D., Kurian, G., & Johnson, T. (2001). World Christian Encyclopedia 2^nd Edition: A Comparative Survey of Churches and Religions in the Modern World. Oxford: University Press.

Turner, B. (2000). The World Today: Essential Facts in an Ever Changing World 2000. New York, NY: St. Marten’s Press. pp. 856-867.

McGeveran, Jr., W. (Ed.). (2001). The World Almanac and Book of Facts. Mahwah, NJ: World Almanac Books. p. 842.

WEB

"India," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2001  © 1997-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.  

US Census Bureau, International Database.

US Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook.


QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION AND DISCUSSION

1. How important do you see Indias role in Asia and in the world?
2. What most impresses you about the above information?
3. Do you take issue with any of the above? If so, how would you express it differently?
4. What strikes you most about the population of India and its diversity? Why?
5. What do you see as the historical and cultural contributions of India to the world?
6. How has India handled its part in the crisis with Pakistan?
7. What can we learn from India and the Indian people?

Tammy Smith cCYS