B. Varenhorst Resources

Varenhorst, B. (1984, Spring). Skeletons clad only with skin: The tragedy of anorexia. Youthworker.

OVERVIEW

This research studies anorexia and its causes. Possible remedies are also discussed.

DESIGN

The study combined research statistics with extensive interviews of present and former anorexics.

FINDINGS

Anorexia nervosa is a serious illness affecting mostly young, rich women who are "beautiful" both psychologically and physically. Although identified as early as 1689, the problem has become an epidemic in only the last 20 years. One percent of all white females aged 12 to 18 are affected; only ten percent of those afflicted are male. The majority of the victims are from unbroken homes that are financially and socially secure.

The causes of anorexia include, but are not limited to, a dramatic change or a transition, the emphasis society places on "slimness," severely low self-esteem, and the perception of very high pressures.

CONCLUSIONS

Anorexics most often establish their harmful eating behaviors because weight is the one thing in their lives they can control. Therapy for these people must first be physiological. Psychological treatment begins only after the physical need is met. Early detection and family and group support are important in treating anorexics; nevertheless, the majority return to anorexic behavior after therapy is complete. While the disease mostly affects wealthy and beautiful young women, it is a problem involving a larger group beyond the patient’s immediate contacts.

IMPLICATIONS

• Youth workers must be aware of the early warning signs of anorexia, which include weight loss, mood change, and fitness obsession. They must also recognize the implications of a behavioral change and be willing to react to these changes. Anorexia must be acknowledged as a disease that requires professional help as well as the support and encouragement of others.
• Dealing with issues of self-esteem, identity, sexuality, and the development of their capabilities are essential developmental steps for young people in gaining a healthy concept of what it is to be an adult. Youth workers must challenge teenagers’ values and motives and help them determine what they should believe.
• Those working with kids must realize that authentic self-esteem grows out of one’s experiences with unconditional love. The youth worker can and should be the kind of friend an anorexic needs: one who offers this unconditional love. Also, peer counseling effectively helps anorexics identify with and receive help from a friend.
• Youth leaders must provide help in two areas:

• Educating youth on the subject of anorexia.
• Demonstrating acceptance, understanding, and support.